Refrigerating apparatus



Oct. 26 1926.

C. T. LAMBIN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Original Tiled Feb. 25. 192- 3Sheets-Sheet 1 m. N, m

Inven tor 6%07'325 Z'JamZzn Attorney Oct. 26,1926. 1,604,176

C. T. LAMBIN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Original Filed Feb. 25. 1924 3Sheets-Sheet 2 7; 7 11 VIIIIIIIIIZ l I l Attorney Oct. 26 1926.

C. T. LAMBIN REFRIGERATING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original FiledFeb. 25. 1924 11 Attorney ll/A llaij Patented Oct. 26, 1926.

- UNITED STATES 1,604,176 PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES T. LAMBIN, OI MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA, ASSIGNOB F ONE-HALF TOSAMUEL VENIS, OI MONTREAL, CANADA.

1 BEI'RIGERATING srraaa'rus.

Application filed February 25, 1824, Serial Io. 694,956. Renewed August19, 1926.

The present invention pertains to a novel refrigerating apparatus andresides primarily in a refrigerating apparatus in which the pump forcompressing the ammonia into 5 the reservoir and drawing it from theevaporation coils is double acting. The pump has a single inletconnected to the evaporation coils and a single outlet connected to thereservoir.

The principal advantage of this improvement is a significant increase inefficiency over other refrigerating apparatus of the same ca aeity. Thefact that the pump pisten per orms work on both strokes decreases thepercentage of energy lost due to friction. Consequently there is lessheat developed than in up aratus having a single acting pump-. It isparticularly desirable in an ammoma compressor to hold the amountoffrictional heat as low as possible, since thisheat causes an expansionof gas which is contrary to the function of the system. A double actingpum capable of performing a given amount 0 work produces half as muchfriction as a single acting pump performing the same amount of work.Consequently, the heat of friction is reduced by one half in anapparatus of a given capacity by the revision of a double acting pump,from w ich it follows that the amount of work required to overcome theexpansion re sulting from the heat of friction is also reduced by onehalf.

A further advantages of applying a dou- 85 ble acting pump in arefrigeratlng apparatus is that the back pressure from the reservoir'aids the movement of the piston in either direction. The back pressure,acting against both faces of the piston at all times, 4 is neutralized,whereas in a single acting pump"anextra amount of work is required toovercome the back pressure against the forward face of the pressionstroke.

Still another advantage of the invention is that the operation iscontinuous. In,

other words, the pump has but a single inlet connected to theevaporation coils and a single outlet connected to the reservoir, as aconsequence of which the pump draws and discharges in a continuousmanner as distinguished from the intermittent operation characteristicof a sin le acting pump. I

The invention provifes further for a compact refrigerating plantconsisting substanpiston during the comgitudina .tank is provided asinuous pipe-4 for comtially of a unitary mass, whereby it can betransported from place to place without requiring dismantling. To thisend, the base of the machine is in the nature of a receptacle in whichare contained the refrigerant tank and the condensing coil. Upon thereceptacle are mounted the pump and a motor for driving the same. Theoutlet end of the pump is connected to the condensing coil, while theinlet end is connected to the evaporation coil. The pump is surroundedby a water jacket in fluid communication with the interior of thereceptacle, and suitable means are provided for the circulation of waterthrough the packet and receptacle. As a result of this construction, theparts that require cooling are cooled in a single stream, and the volumeof water per unit of surface to be cooled -is large in comparison withthe systems hitherto in use.

The invention is fully disclosed in the following description and in theaccompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus;

Figure 2 is a section on the line 22 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic horizontal section of the pump;

Figure 4 is a vertical section of the apparatus;

Figure 5 is a plan view thereof with the cover removed;

Figure 6 is a longitudinal vertical section of the pump;

Figure 7 is a longitudinal horizontal section of the pump;

Figures 8, 9 and 10 are sections on the lines 8-8, 99 and 1010respectively of Figures 6 and 7; and,

Figure 11 is an enlarged detail of Fig- .ure 9.

Reference will now be had to these views by means of like characterswhich are employed 1 to designate corresponding parts throughout. i

The device comprises a base constituting a cooling receptacle 1 in thebottom of which is contained an ammonia tank 2 having anannular'ehamber, as illustrated in Figure 4, as a conseqbuence of whichthere exists a lon' l ore 3 therethrough, Above the municatm inte withthe tank, a valve 5 being An outlet pipe 6 in also.. conand 7respectively passing nected to the tank and is provided with a valve 7.The valves 5 and 7 have handles 7 through the adjacent wall of thereceptacle, whereby the inlet or outlet of the tank 2 may be cut offfrom an exterior point in case of defective circulation or for other,reasons.

At the top of the'member 1 is formed the lower half 8 of a crank casefor the pump mechanism subsequently to be described. In the walls of thesection 8 is journaled a shaft 9 formed with a crank 10 intermediate itsends. A cover 11 is adapted to fit upon the portion 8 to form a closedhousing. The shaft 9 carries at one end a worm wheel 12 meshing with aworm 13. Upon the member 1 is also mounted a motor 14, the shaft 15 ofwhich carries a sprocket wheel 16. A similar wheel 17 i mounted on theshaft of the Worm 13, an the two wheels are joined by a sprocket chain18.

Adjacent one end of the housing 8-11; the member 1 supports a cylinder19. The ends of this member are closed by blocks or heads 20 and 21 atthe forward and rear ends respectively. Within the cylinder is rovided apiston 22 having a rod 23 passmg through the rear head 21. A'pair ofguides 24 are formed at the side walls of the housing 811, and thepiston rod carries a crosshead' 25 slidable on the guides.

The free end of the rod is connected to the aswa slot 34 which crank 10by means of a connecting arm 26. Within the head 21 is formed a glandcomprisin a pair of spaced Washers 27, the

outer one ing held in place by a nut 28. The space between the washersis filled with a quantity of mercury designated by the numeral 29 whichextends upwardly into a bore 30 drilled in the upper part of. the head.The upper end of the bore is closed by a plate 31, there bein%a washer32 interposed. ln the event at the gas compressed behind the pistonleaps into the aching, it will flow through the mercury and collect atthe surface thereof, there establishing a downward pressure of themercury against'the washers to tighten the latten around the piston rod.

The cylinder is surrounded by a Water 'ac'ket 33, and. the top of thereceptacle 1 laces the water jacket in communication with the interiorof the resdrvoir 1. Water is admitted to the reservoirthrough a. pipe35, and is p'grmitted to flow outof the acket through a pipe 36 at thetop thereof (Figure 1).

Each head is formed with a pair of valve chambers designated by thenumerals 37 and 38 in the forward'head and by the numerals 39 and 40 inthe rear head. Since these ,chambers "are formed by drilling "throughthetops of the heads, the u per ends thereof are closed by means of pates 31 and 41. The-chambers are formed with sired shape or size,

valve seats 37 38', 39' and 40 respectively adapted to be closed by theball valves 37", 38", 39" and 40" respectively. In the wall ofthecylinder arecut a pair of longitudinal channels 43 and 44 disposeddiametrically opposite each other with reference to the chamber 45 ofthe cylinder and in horizontal alinement, as indicated in Figures3 and7. In the heads are cut ducts 46, 47, 48 and 49 in alinement with thechannels and consequently outside the periphery of the chamber 45, as isevident from Figures 3, 8 and 9. The ducts 46 and 48 are disposedbeneath the level of the valves 37 and 39", while the ducts 47 and 49are arranged above the level of the valves 38" and 40". The ducts areplaced in communication with the valve chambers by means of passages 50,51, 52 and 53 cut from the sides of the heads. Onev of these passagesreceives the gas inlet pipe 54, while the remaining ones are plugged asat 54'.

The chamber 45 communicates with the I valve chambers through ports 55and 56 in the forward head and similar ports 57 and 58 in the rear head.The ports 55 and 57 are disposed above the level of the valves valvechamber 38 and receiving at its lower end the inlet end of thecondensing coil 4.

A set of evaporation coils 60 has its upper and lower ends communicatingwith the gas inlet and outlet'pipes 54: and 6 respectively. These coilsmay be located at any desired place and may be of any doas is well knownin the art. The branch 60 which extends to the outlet pipe 6 of thereservoir 2 is provided with gages 61 for an obvious-purpose.

The operation of the pump will be best understood by reference to Figure3 which diametrically shows the channels, ports and ducts in the samehorizontal plane. On the rearward stroke of the piston the suction takesplace through the port 55, raising the valve 37 and drawing gas fromthe-coils 60, through the pipe 54, duct 55 and into the chamber 45. Thesame stroke also produces suction through the port 56, drawing the valve38 upon its seat and obstructing the communication between the channel43- to the forward head, where it flows through the duct 47 and aroundthe closed valve 38" into the passage 51 and thence to the condensingcoils 4 and reservoir 2.

On the forward stroke of the piston the valves 37 and 40" are closedwhile the valves 38 and 39" are raised from their seats by the pressureand suction acting through the various ports in a manner similar to thatalready described. The suction through the open valve 39" acts throughport 57 and duct 48 in the rear head, causing a rearward draft throughthe channel 44 which is now closed to the valve chamber 37.Consequently, the reduced pressure within the channel 44 serves to drawvapor from the coils 60 through the inlet pipe 46, which finds its wayto the rear of the piston. A portion of the gas compressed in advance ofthe piston passes through the open valve 38", through the duct 47 andrearwardly through the channel 43, but is here obstructed by the closedvalve 40".. The remainder of the gas passes around the valve 38 andthrough the passage 59 to the condensing coils 4. It will thus beapparent that on either stroke of the pump gas is continuously drawninto the pump chamber through the inlet pipe 54 and is expelled underpressure through the passage 59 into the condensing coils 4.

Due to this continuous operation the ratio between the loss in frictionand the power of the pump is considerably decreased as already pointedout. A machine of usual construction having the single acting pump,driven at 250 revolutions per minute and requiring a cylinder notgreater than 4 inches long can be replaced by a machine having a doubleacting pump and driven at 60 revolutions per minute. This machine cancarry a 9 inch cylinder and produce the same quantity of refrigerationas the machine of greater speed. The decrease in speed re sults in afurther reduction of friction although consideration is taken of thefact that a longer cylinder is provided. Since the heat developed byfriction, whatever he the quantity, counteracts the function of thepump, it will be apparent that a decrease in the heat of friction is asignificant consideration in an ammonia apparatus.

It will also be observed that the back pressure against the pistonduring either stroke will aid the stroke by balancing the pressure atthe advancing side.

While a specific embodiment of the invention has been illustrated anddescribed, it is to be understood that various alterations in thedetails of construction may be made without departing from the spirit ofthe invention as indicated by the appended claims.

Having thus fully described the invent-ion, what I claim as new anddesire to protect by Letters Patent is 1. A refrigerating systemcomprising a receptacle having an integral crank case housing formed atthe top thereof and a slot in said top adjacent said housing, arefrigerant tank disposed in said receptacle, a. pump cylinder restingon the top of the receptacle, a water jacket surrounding the cylinderand disposed over said slot to communicate therewith, a piston in thecylinder. means within the housing for actuating said piston, a coildisposed within the receptacle and extend ing from the pump cylinder tothe refrigerant tank, and means for permitting a flow of water throughsaid water jacket and receptacle.

2. A refrigerating system comprising a receptacle having an integralcrank case housing formed at the top thereof and a slot in said topadjacent said housing, a refrigerant tank with an annular chamberdisposed in said receptacle, a pump cylinder mounted on the top of thereceptacle, a water jacket surrounding the cylinder and disposed oversaid slot to communicate therewith, a piston in the cylinder, meanswithin the housing for actuating said piston, a coil disposed within thereceptacle and extending from the pump cylinder to the refrigerant tank,and means for permitting a flow of water through said water jacket andreceptacle.

3. A refrigerating system comprising a base having the form of areceptacle, a refrigerant tank mounted in said receptacle, means forpermitting a flow of water through said receptacle, a pump mounted onsaid receptacle, a condensing coil having one end connected to the pump,the remaining end of the coil being connected to the refrigerant'tank,an outlet pipe extending from said tank, valves in said coil and outletpipe in close proximity to said tank, said valves having handlesprojecting through a wall of the receptacle.

4. A refrigerating system comprising a base having the form of areceptacle, a re frigerant tank mounted in saidreceptacle, means forpermitting a flow of water through'said receptacle, a crank case sectionformed at the top of the receptacle and integral therewith, a cylindermounted adjacent said section, a cover for completing said section, pumpmechanism in said cylinder and. crank case, a condensing ,coil havingone end connected to the outlet of said cylinder, the remaining end ofthe coil being connected to the refrigerant tank.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

CHARLES T. LAMBIN.

